Journal: Animal Nutrition

Article Title: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester ameliorates high-fat diet-induced muscle textural deterioration in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus ) by modulating adipose-muscle crosstalk via myostatin-taz signaling

doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.10.007

Figure Lengend Snippet: The Mstn secreted from hypertrophic adipocyte reduces myoblast differentiation through inhibiting Hippo pathway effector Taz. (A) Schematic drawing of the experimental procedures. (B) The mRNA expression levels of mstn in adipocytes cultured with different compound treatment conditions. (C) Content of Mstn in adipocytes cultured medium with different compound treatment conditions. (D) Immunostaining of Myhc under different compound treatment conditions, Myhc (red) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, nuclei, blue). Scale bar: 100 μm. (E) The mRNA expression levels of differentiation marker genes myhc , myog, and myod in myoblasts cultured with different compound treatment conditions. (F) Immunostaining of Myhc under different medium and compound treatment conditions, Myhc (red) and DAPI (nuclei, blue). Scale bar: 100 μm. (G) The mRNA expression levels of differentiation marker genes myhc , myog, and myod in myoblasts cultured with different medium and compound treatment. (B and C) Con = adipocytes were cultured and treated in growth medium supplemented with an equal volume of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as the vehicle control; PA = adipocytes were cultured and treated in growth medium supplemented with 150 μmol/L palmitic acid (PA); PA + Lien = adipocytes were cultured and treated in growth medium supplemented with 150 μmol/L PA and 10 μmol/L Liensinine (Lien). (D and E) Control = myoblasts were cultured and treated in differentiation medium supplemented with an equal volume of DMSO (vehicle control); Mstn = myoblasts were cultured and treated in differentiation medium supplemented with 10 ng/μL Mstn; Mstn + IBS008738 = myoblasts were cultured and treated in differentiation medium supplemented with 10 ng/μL Mstn and 15 μmol/L IBS008738. (F and G) Con - CM = myoblasts were cultured in a medium consisting of 50% conditioned medium from control adipocytes and 50% fresh myoblast differentiation medium; PA - CM = myoblasts were cultured in a medium consisting of 50% conditioned medium from PA-treated adipocytes and 50% fresh myoblast differentiation medium; PA + Lien - CM = myoblasts were cultured in a medium consisting of 50% conditioned medium from PA + Lien-treated adipocytes and 50% fresh myoblast differentiation medium; PA - CM + IBS008738 = myoblasts were cultured in a medium consisting of 50% PA adipocyte-conditioned medium, 50% fresh myoblast differentiation medium, and 15 μmol/L IBS008738. Values are means and standard error of mean (SEM) ( n = 3). Different superscripts mean significant differences among groups ( P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: On d 0 of myoblast differentiation, cells were treated with differentiation medium supplemented with 10 ng/μL Mstn and/or 15 μmol/L IBS008738 ( HY-112821 , Taz activator, 98.22%, MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) ( ) compounds for 48 h. Cell samples were collected and stored at −80 °C for subsequent analysis, with the remaining portion subjected to immunofluorescence staining.

Techniques: Expressing, Cell Culture, Immunostaining, Marker, Control